Palm kernel shell-Sustainable Biomass Energy
Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) is a renewable biomass fuel made from palm oil waste, widely used for eco-friendly energy in power plants and industrial boilers.
What is Palm Kernel Shell (PKS)?
Palm Kernel Shell is the hard shell left over after the extraction of palm oil from the palm kernel fruit. It is a natural by-product of the palm oil industry and is commonly used as a high-energy, renewable fuel source.
Definition of Palm Kernel Shell
Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) is a fibrous material with high calorific value, generated during the crushing of palm kernel nuts to extract palm kernel oil. It is considered a form of biomass.
Functions and Uses:
- Biomass Fuel: PKS is widely used as a substitute for coal in biomass power plants due to its high energy content and lower carbon emissions.
- Industrial Boilers: Used as fuel in cement factories, paper mills, and other industrial boilers.
- Soil Improvement: Sometimes used as organic mulch or soil conditioner.
- Activated Carbon Production: Can be processed into activated carbon for water and air purification.
High Calorific Value and Heat Output
One of the key advantages of PKS charcoal is its high calorific value, which typically ranges between 4,000 to 5,000 kcal/kg. When processed into charcoal through pyrolysis (a low-oxygen burning process), the calorific value can increase even further, reaching up to 6,500–7,000 kcal/kg, making it comparable to some grades of coal.
Why Is It Used as an Alternative to Coal?
Coconut Oil Production: Copra typically contains 60–70% oil, which can be extracted through mechanical pressing or solvent extraction. This oil is widely used in cooking, skincare products, soaps, and industrial lubricants.
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Animal Feed: After oil extraction, the leftover residue (copra cake or copra meal) is high in protein and fiber, making it a valuable feed for livestock, especially cattle and poultry.
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Biofuel and Biodiesel: Coconut oil from copra can also be processed into biodiesel, offering a renewable energy source.
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Skincare and Health Products: Virgin coconut oil and its derivatives are used in moisturizers, shampoos, and even some health supplements due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Economic Value for Farmers: Copra is a crucial export product in many island and coastal economies, providing income and employment in rural areas.
Why PKS is Important:
- Sustainable Energy: PKS is a renewable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels.
- Cost-Effective: Cheaper than traditional fuels.
- Low Emission: Emits less CO₂, making it attractive for green energy initiatives.
Countries That Use PKS:
- Japan & South Korea: Major importers of PKS for biomass power generation.
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Europe: Countries like the Netherlands and the UK use it for co-firing in power plants.
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Malaysia & Indonesia: Producers and users of PKS for domestic and export purposes.
